Behold, the mint green blob that is, the Quadirid Sultanate. Also known, as the Sultanate (Arabic version of a Kingdom) of Egypt. It is currently the only sultanate as far as I know, that is not Islamic. Quite the contrary. It basically is Islam's mortal enemy at this point, damaging it right at it's core. At least the Sunni anyway. The other muslim religions are rising more and more as the Sunni Caliph's moral authority continues to decline. Yazidi is growing popular, especially in Hispania which is in a serious revolt to increase council power.
It all began with Sultan Kemaladdin of the Quadirid Dynasty (how they came to power in place of Tulunids is anyone's guess, but Kemaladdin was a very smart and kind leader). He was Sunni, but was cynical, sympathetic to christians and jews, a very kind person, and was more into the Islamic School promoting advancement, free will, and science. He was known as "The Holy" but in reality he wasn't that zealous at all. He fought in very few holy wars against the Miaphysites and made no active attempt to forcibly convert them. Most of his wars were against fellow muslims, even the Caliph himself, slowly expanding Egyptian land through North Africa and the Holy Land. He gave his Christian son a bit of land though, and when he died in battle during a war to make some Ethiopians into tributaries of Egypt it was that son who succeeded the throne, as Ahmad II.
Obviously this shocked the muslim world, as very quickly Ahmad began holy wars against the Aghlabids of Africa, seizing Tunis and renaming it to it's ancient name of "Carthage". With a Coptic in charge of Egypt, ruling from Cairo (capital county renamed to Cairo, city of Cairo built shortly after. Castle remains named Fustat), at long last the Coptic Papacy was restored to it's power, Moral Authority going from a dwindling 30 to a more powerful 60. Ahmad new the Caliph would eventually be coming though, and he did, sometime after Galilee was taken by the Copts. A Jihad was called for Jerusalem. It's notable that the Abassids weren't the Caliphs when the Jihad was called. They would be restored sometime after though, but not enjoying the power they once had been.
However, Ahmad managed to hold off the Caliph's wrath. With help from Ethiopia and (barely) the Byzantine Empire, aswell as mercenaries and the Holy Order of Saint Anthony, the Caliphate was denied restoring it's control over Jerusalem, once more losing Moral Authority in the process, and winning power to the Miaphysite Coptics of Egypt, finally proving that the Copts had what it takes to control their own destiny and definitely showing that the age of the Pharaohs, in spirit at least, was returning to Egypt.
Ahmad wasn't done there though. He knew that the Caliphate would just come back, so he went for the throat of his enemies. The Emirate of Medina, which held both Mecca and Medina, was his first target. Upon conquest, Sunni lost a significant amount of it's Moral Authority, and all of Islam was wounded by it. Shortly after, he went for Jerusalem itself, taking it from the caliph, establishing the Patriarchate of Jerusalem (which is the Coptic Branch that currently is mostly in charge of Egypt's Arabian Holdings and the Holy Land), and delivering a permanent -30 moral authority to the Sunni.
He also made some Ethiopians tributaries aswell.
As an extra kick to the gut to the Caliph, the first major enemy of Coptic Egypt, Mecca was converted to Miaphysite Christian. With that, the First Major Boss of Coptic Egypt's game is basically defeated. The second major enemy (or "Boss") will probably be Seljuk or the Shia caliph if one rises, or even the head of the Yazidi religion. The Byzantine-Egyptian alliance ended when Basilous Makedon was overthrown by rebellion, one attempt my Ahmad to restore these good relations was made, but the new Basileus cut off the bethrothal. When Nikoletta, Sultana of Egypt, died the last remnant of that one-time Alliance ended, but Abysinnia (Ethiopia) remains as Egypt's primary ally. They are both of the same faith and are neighbours after all, as well as share a common enemy (the Caliph).
Egypt being Christian is also a big boost to diplomacy. It can now speak more easily with Europe and Byzantium, and marry into them. Also, all pilgrims both Muslim and Christian travel through Egypt's lands on their journeys. Egypt does not want to destroy Islam, it cares not whether or not Sunni survives or dies out. Holy Wars were necessary for it's survival. If it didn't take Mecca and Jerusalem, the Caliph would have enough authority to call for another Jihad. With three Sunni Holy Sites not controlled, that's a permanent large loss of moral authority, not enough to call a Jihad against Egypt. Also, when Christians began Crusading by order of the Pontiff, Jerusalem will not be an eligible target as long as a Catholic, Miaphysite, Nestorian or Orthodox Christian is on Egypt's throne (specifically those because most other christians in the game are heresies which can be holy warred on).
Egypt is also currently equal in holding size to the Byzantines, and is stronger in terms of army size. Though the Byzantines are catching up, they've had pretty nasty revolts after all so that's why they fell behind a little bit. Within a good bit Byzantium might be the top power again, but Egypt might become more powerful once all of Arabia is under Coptic control.
And also, the Abassids might have their Caliphate back, but as most can see, it's not that prestigous anymore. They hardly control any of the original caliphate. They likely only seized back their throne because the interim dynasty failed to reclaim Jerusalem. With Sunni at only 6.6 or so Moral Authority and dropping while harding regaining anything (Most it's reclaimed is 12.2, probably only after winning Holy Wars against dukes or counts or something, since Vassals can declare their own holy wars, and some of mine are. The Interior of Arabia was conquered by the Emir of Medina (Prince of Egypt too) rather than by good ol' Ahmad II the Great. That little part of the Abassids north of the Holy Land is also being targetted by Egyptian Vassals. My main ambition is getting the Kingdoms of Africa, Arabia and Jerusalem and forming an Egyptian Empire though, so I'll let them handle anything else).
Currently, Miaphysite has the most moral authority of any of the religions. Even though it's not the largest religion (Catholicism is, and Sunni still controls more provinces). The top 4 faiths in terms of Moral Authority are: Miaphysite, Catholic, Orthodox and Hindu.
Also no I don't hate Muslims. This game takes place in the middle ages. As such I roleplay in a time where pretty much every one was a zealot towards people not of their religion. Also, yeah, if I didn't attack first my destiny would be being attacked myself. It's very important to take Holy Sites of a faith too, basically just taking one removes that faith's moral authority by 10. The Duchy of Medina has two holy sites for Sunni, so with Jerusalem I robbed 30 moral authority from them, and with few moral power the faith (any faith really not just islam, if this was happening to Miaphysite or, very VERY rarely unless you play pagan or muslim and actively attack Europe, catholicsm, a similar affect would follow) is more susceptible to heresies popping up which will slowly eat away at it's size. Low moral authority of Sunni also makes Sunni areas easier to convert to Miaphysite, which Egypt needs to do in order to avoid rebellions.
Also, Egypt's position makes most wars being holy wars inevitable.....XD